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Regardless of intensive research have been carried out in exploring the friction in aqueous setting, the mechanism of hydration friction stays not properly understood. Herein, we straight probed the hydration friction on the mica-electrolyte interface with completely different hydrated alkali cations via a mix of three-dimensional atomic drive microscopy and friction drive microscopy. The atomic scale imaging of the hydration layers at mica floor in numerous electrolyte options clearly revealed the correlation between the alkali cations and the construction of the hydration layers. Our detailed evaluation confirmed that the hydration drive was a lot greater at excessive ionic concentrations than that at low concentrations. The hydration friction coefficient was discovered following the development of Ok+< Na+< Li+< Cs+, which contrasts with the Hofmeister collection, indicating that the hydration friction relies upon not solely on the hydration energy of the alkali cations, but additionally on the association of the alkali cations at interface. The outcomes of this examine present deep insights into the origins of hydration friction, with potential implications for growth of recent boundary lubrication in aqueous media.
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